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| seats2_title = State Parliaments | seats2 = | seats3_title = European Parliament | seats3 = | colours = Black, white, red | website = | country = Germany | flag = }} The National Democratic Party of Germany (, NPD), is an extreme right political party in Germany espousing German nationalism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Democratic-Party-of-Germany )〕 It was founded in 1964 as successor to the German Reich Party (, DRP). Party statements also self-identify the party as Germany's "only significant patriotic force".〔〕 On 1 January 2011, the nationalist German People's Union () merged with the NPD and the party name of the National Democratic Party of Germany was extended by the addition of "The People's Union". The party is usually described as a neo-Nazi organization,〔 〕〔— *(Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups ) by Stephen E. Atkins. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties" *(Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics ), by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)" *(Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2 ), by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP" *(The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany ) by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany" *(Encyclopaedia of international law ) by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization" *(The beast reawakens ) by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"〕 and has been referred to as "the most significant neo-Nazi party to emerge after 1945".〔Peter Davies, Derek Lynch, (The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right ), Psychology Press, 2002, pg. 315〕 The German Federal Agency for Civic Education, or BPB, has criticized the NPD for working with members of organizations which were later found unconstitutional by the federal courts and disbanded, while the German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, the ''Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz'', classifies the NPD as a "threat to the constitutional order" because of its platform and philosophy, and it is under their observation.〔(Austrian 'neo-Nazi' joins NPD's executive committee ). ''(Austrian Times )''. Published 8 April 2009.〕 An effort to outlaw the party failed in 2003, because the government had a large number of informers and agents in the party, some in high position, who had written part of the material used against them. Since its founding in 1964, the NPD has never managed to win enough votes on the federal level to cross Germany's 5% minimum threshold for representation in the Bundestag; it has succeeded in crossing the 5% threshold and gaining representation in state parliaments 11 times, including the current parliament in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Udo Voigt led the NPD from 1996 to 2011.〔 He was succeeded by Holger Apfel,〔''(Stabwechsel bei der NPD )'' in: Blick nach rechts, accessed 14 11 2011〕 who in turn was replaced by Udo Pastörs in December 2013. Voigt was elected the party's first Member of the European Parliament in 2014. The Ring Nationaler Frauen is a body within the NPD of Germany, founded on September 16, 2006, to represent women's interests. The leader of the organization is Jasmin Apfel (de), wife of NPD politician Holger Apfel. ==Platform and philosophy== The NPD also endorses certain beliefs about human nature. NPD leader Udo Voigt states that the philosophy of the NPD differs from both communism and social liberalism in that it acknowledges people as unequal products of their societies and environments, largely governed by what is called natural law. Voigt states that the party is also influenced by the views of modern ethologists such as Konrad Lorenz and Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt. The NPD calls itself a party of "grandparents and grandchildren" because the 1960s generation in Germany, known for the leftist student movement, strongly opposes the NPD's policies. The NPD's economic program promotes social security for Germans and control against plutocracy, but it does not oppose private property. They discredit and reject the "liberal-capitalist system".〔(Rechtsextremisten thematisieren die internationale Fianzkrise ) Verfassungsschutz MV, 2 December 2008〕 The NPD argues that NATO fails to represent the interests and needs of European people. The party considers the European Union to be little more than a reorganisation of a Soviet-style Europe along financial lines.〔NPD party programme (in German) http://npd.de/inhalte/daten/dateiablage/br_parteiprogramm_a4.pdf〕 Although highly critical of the EU, as long as Germany remains a part of it, the NPD opposes Turkey's incorporation into the organisation. Voigt envisions future collaboration and continued friendly relations with other nationalists and European national parties. The NPD's platform asserts that Germany is larger than the present-day Federal Republic, and calls for a return of German territory lost after World War II, a foreign policy position abandoned by the German government in 1990.〔Party program, p. 13. ("Deutschland ist größer als die Bundesrepublik! ... Wir fordern die Revision der nach dem Krieg abgeschlossenen Grenzanerkennungsverträge.")〕 At one point, a map of Germany was shown on the party website omitting the border that divides Germany from Austria. The NPD also failed to colour in the Oder–Neisse line, the border which established the limits of federal Germany to the east and was agreed upon with Poland in 1990.〔(Map of Germany ) Map of Germany on NPD's website (www.npd.de). Archived from (the original (5 September 2005) ) at 18 August 2013.〕 In the early 21st century, long-standing efforts to ban the party were renewed.〔 The 2005 report of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution contains the following description: The party continues to pursue a "people's front" of the nationals (of ) the NPD, DVU, and forces not attached to any party, which is supposed to develop into a base for an encompassing 'German people's movement'. The aggressive agitation of the NPD unabashedly aims towards the abolition of parliamentary democracy and the democratic constitutional state, although the use of violence is currently still officially rejected for tactical reasons. Statements of the NPD document an essential affinity with National Socialism; its agitation is racist, antisemitic, revisionist, and intends to disparage the democratic and lawful order of the constitution. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Democratic Party of Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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